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埋弧焊与明弧焊的比较
  Published:2008-09-01 16:17:27  Author:北京嘉克
Beijing ARC   http://www.arceq.com


埋弧焊

l        原理及特点

埋弧焊是利用电弧作为热源的焊接方法。埋弧焊时电弧是在一层颗粒状的可熔化焊剂覆盖下燃烧,电弧光不外露,埋弧焊由此得名。所用的金属电极是不间断送进的裸焊丝。该工艺产生的电流密度非常高,焊剂层防止了热量的快速散失,并将其集中在焊接区域内。熔焊深度较深,熔焊宽度较窄。

l        适用范围

由于埋弧焊熔深大、生产率高、机械操作的程度高,因而适于焊接中厚板结构的长焊缝。在有轨电车、造船、锅炉与压力容器、桥梁、超重机械、核电站结构、海洋结构、武器等制造部门有着广泛的应用,还用于管材加工制造中,例如构造结构梁、柱子,以及其他需要长焊缝的应用场合,是当今焊接生产中最普遍使用的焊接方法之一。

l        焊接材料

埋弧焊除了用于金属结构中构件的连接外,还可在基体金属表面堆焊耐磨或耐腐蚀的合金层。一般是使用直径3.2-5mm的药芯焊丝在焊剂层下进行自动埋弧堆焊。埋弧焊能焊的材料已从碳素结构钢发展到低合金结构钢、不锈钢、耐热钢等以及某些有色金属,如镍基合金、钛合金、铜合金等。

l        局限性

a.埋弧焊的缺点是焊前对焊剂烘干

b.焊接过程中要不断添加焊剂

c.焊接过程中需专人去除焊渣,使堆焊过程人力、物力投入很大

d.环境恶劣

e.因焊渣影响无法对工件进行强迫冷却以保持正常堆焊层间温度,致使工件可焊性受到限制

f.硬面堆焊时耐磨性能差

 

明弧焊

1998年明弧焊技术诞生,明弧焊修复连铸板坯辊的超低碳含氮专用药芯焊丝开拓了连铸板坯辊修复的新篇章。采用此技术修复的连铸板坯辊子寿命是新辊或是经常用埋弧焊修复的磨辊的2-3倍以上,但修复的辊子销售价格可低于新辊价格的6070%(修复成本是买新辊的30%左右)。寿命的大大提高,不但降低了炼钢厂的成本,也大大缩短了连铸检修停产时间,提高经济效益可观。

目前该技术已经在世界上的80多个国家的近120个钢厂共有300套焊机投入使用,收到了良好的效果。1997年该技术引入中国。嘉克公司自1998年开始向国内推出明弧自动堆焊设备,是第一家生明弧焊设备的企业,现已生产本设备近200台套。

l        定义

明弧焊是一种能产生自保护气体的药芯与焊件产生电弧后,在高温下把焊丝熔合在磨辊上的一种焊接方法。

l        原理及特点

由于堆焊工艺采用快速冷却、细化碳化铬等晶体的效果,堆焊层具有极好的耐磨性,且不需使用途溶剂,故可降低成本。

l        焊接材料

使用直径1.6-3.2mm自保护药芯焊丝

l        优势:与埋弧焊相比,明弧焊具有显著的优势,因此得到了广泛的应用。

a.采用自保护药芯焊丝,没有焊渣产生,不用添加焊剂

b.焊前不预热,焊后无需热处理,焊接效率高,节省能源

c.因对辊子的加热程度小,可高速堆焊

d.焊道稀释率低,耐腐蚀耐磨损性能好,明弧焊辊子寿命是埋弧焊的两倍

e.性能可靠,不易引起母材开裂变形,可使堆焊层耐磨性提高

f.节省人力,实现了生产的自动化,能适应高质量、高效率的堆焊修复要求

g.由于堆焊工艺采用快速冷却、细化碳化铬等晶体的效果,堆焊层具有极好的耐磨性,且不需要使用熔剂,故可降低成本

h.嘉克公司生产的明弧焊设备采用逆变电源及其对电弧的控制技术,使堆焊过程飞溅小,焊道成形好

i.良好的抽风设备及焊接区的隔间设计,可以改善工作环境

 

 

明弧焊与埋弧焊的比较

 

明弧焊

埋弧焊

熔填率

施工方式

容易

复杂

施工成本

施工环境

干净

一般

施工品质

 

修复后磨辊性能的比较

 

明弧焊

埋弧焊

耐磨性

耐剥落性

耐冲击性

一般

 

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